Liquid Intersection Types

We present a new type system combining refinement types and the expressiveness of intersection type discipline. The use of such features makes it possible to derive more precise types than in the original refinement system. We have been able to prove several interesting properties for our system (including subject reduction) and developed an inference algorithm, which we proved to be sound.Comment: In Proceedings ITRS 2014, arXiv:1503.0437

Linear Rank Intersection Types

Non-idempotent intersection types provide quantitative information about typed programs, and have been used to obtain time and space complexity measures. Intersection type systems characterize termination, so restrictions need to be made in order to make typability decidable. One such restriction consists in using a notion of finite rank for the idempotent intersection types. In this work, we define a new notion of rank for the non-idempotent intersection types. We then define a novel type system and a type inference algorithm for the ?-calculus, using the new notion of rank 2. In the second part of this work, we extend the type system and the type inference algorithm to use the quantitative properties of the non-idempotent intersection types to infer quantitative information related to resource usage

The Impact of the Zika Epidemic on Women’s Reproductive Intentions and Behaviors in Brazil

This research brief reports on a focus group study that explores how and why the Zika virus affects reproductive processes in Brazil. The authors found that both reproductive intentions and behaviors changed as a result of the Zika epidemic among women from low and high socioeconomic status groups in two areas of Brazil. The authors argue that Brazilian health officials and policymakers should reduce barriers to contraceptive use, address longstanding disparities in reproductive health services that put low-income women at disproportionate risk of an unwanted pregnancy, legalize abortion, and show respect and support to women who actively pursue pregnancy during the Zika epidemic.Population Research Cente

A Unifying Framework for Type Inhabitation

In this paper we define a framework to address different kinds of problems related to type inhabitation, such as type checking, the emptiness problem, generation of inhabitants and counting, in a uniform way. Our framework uses an alternative representation for types, called the pre-grammar of the type, on which different methods for these problems are based. Furthermore, we define a scheme for a decision algorithm that, for particular instantiations of the parameters, can be used to show different inhabitation related problems to be in PSPACE

The importance of training EFL teachers for affect teaching strategies

The purpose of this study is to identify whether there is a relationship between the use of affect teaching strategies and consequently an increase in the language learning motivation/proficiency. Raising teachers’ awareness to the relevance of affective issues is a priority, which will be reflected in the creation of a supportive classroom atmosphere in which learners can be encouraged to do better, to work harder in an effort to reach their full learning potential. However, prior to understanding teachers’, learners’ perceptions needed to be analyzed to be able to confront both. A screening model was used in this qualitative research study. Additional tools like questionnaires were also applied in order to: (a) establish a relation between teaching strategies which promote affect and students’ reactions to them; (b) study EFL teachers’ concrete perceptions on the concept of teaching strategies which promote affect; (c) understand if and how EFL teachers are applying affect teaching strategies while specifying which ones; (d) establish the importance of integrating affect in EFL teachers’ training. Since Russia initiated a full-size military invasion into Ukraine on February 24, 2022, millions of Ukrainians were forced to flee to neighboring countries (mostly women and children). The hosting countries, including Portugal allowed for Ukrainian learners immediate integration in their national schooling systems, thus changing educators’ teaching realities. This has led me to reflect on the relevance of affect in a situation of war/refugee crisis. It became therefore relevant to understand to what extent ELT teachers felt prepared to embrace this new multicultural and sensitive educational context and to question if EFL educators specific training on refugee affect teaching strategies is not a current necessity

A study of 147 extended haplotypes carrying the C282Y HFE mutation: a novel approach to explain the involvement of the MHC-class I region in the setting of CD8+T Lymphocyts numbers in humans.

MedicinaMedicin

The Effects of a Technology Shock in the Euro Area

The aim of this paper is to estimate the effects of a technology shock in the euro area within a structural VAR framework. Since the impact of these shocks on labor use is a controversial issue in the related literature, we give particular attention to it. Given that the estimated effects of a technology shock are quite sensible to the low-frequency properties of the labor input measure, we resort to an extensive statistical analysis to investigate whether hours worked are better characterized as stationary or difference stationary. We conduct a battery of classical unit root and stationary tests, analyze the small-sample properties of some of the tests-statistics, explore encompassing tests and Bayesian odds ratios to ascertain if the more appropriate VAR model is the one in which hours per capita enter in levels or first-differences. The evidence gathered is in support of hours being stationary, which leads to the conclusion that per capita hours worked rise after a technology shock in the euro area. As for the responses of the remaining variables, our results are in line with the bulk of the literature.

Industrial network membership: Reducing psychic distance hazards in the internationalization of the firm

The network approach to internationalization of the firms has warranted the research focus of many international business scholars. Firms are increasingly involved in international business endeavors and arguably need to learn to adapt to idiosyncratic milieus they encounter in the foreign markets. This paper proposes a conceptual model suggesting that integration in networks strengthens corporate competitiveness in international markets. Network membership provides access to knowledge that facilitates adaptation to the various dimensions - economic, political, legal, cultural ? of the international business environments. Membership in social and business networks are likely to ease internationalization by reducing firms? perceived psychic distance.Networks, internationalization theories, psychic distance

Lay rationalities of climate change

In this special issue we were also interested in revealing the level of concepts and the level of social action, trying to contribute to the answer of questions like: How local populations explain, interpret and deal with climate change? What are the individual and collective actions in response to climate change? How do populations deal with Climate Change mitigation (risk perception and risk-mitigating)? What is the available traditional knowledge about Climate Change? How does the culture and believes deal with Climate Change? A total of 6 double-blind peer-reviewed papers from Europe (2), Australia, Asia, South-America and the North America, cover different subjects related to the above themes of this thematic Issue of Lay Rationalities of Climate Change, namely; Lived Experience,Policy and Public Action; Public Opinion on Climate Change; Religious Motivation for Mitigating Human-Forced Climate Change; People’s Experience and Facts of Changing Climate, Impacts and Responses; Stakeholders’ Climate Perception and Adaptation in Coastal Areas; and Perceptions of Climate Variability and farmer Adaptations